Download Free PDF. Wazid Ahsan. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Everyone wants to be as much secure as possible. Knowing your home is protected provides peace of mind both when you are away and when you are home. Security is important even if you have outstanding public safety agencies police, fire, highway patrol, etc. There are far more homes than there are police officers, not to mention a plethora of skilled thieves.
So we would like to implement our project to do everything possible to make your house secure rather than just relying on others. With the increasing busy schedules people rely on machines to support them in this modern world. It led to the need for intelligence to these machines in every area. Here the case is with home security.
Our project involves an access control for doors and windows forming a vital link in a security chain implemented using two fully controlled 8 bit microcontrollers The other microcontroller can be carried along with the user or can be placed at his working place, it has a buzzer and an LCD. The Microcontroller at the transmitter end will continuously monitors all the Sensors and if any security problem is found then the Microcontroller at the receiver end will switch on the Buzzer Alarm and the type of problem is displayed on the LCD.
This equipment uses low power and operates in real time. Detail study of the project is given in the following chapters. Passive infra red sensor 2. Infra red sensor 3. RST TX 6. RST RX 7. LED Unlike a general-purpose computer ,which also includes all of these components a microcontroller is designed for a very specific task--to control a particular system.
Micro controllers are sometimes called "embedded microcontrollers", which just means that they are part of an embedded system-- that is, one part of a large devices or system. A Microprocessor is a general purpose digital computer with central processing unit CPU ,which contains arithmetic and logical unit ALU ,a program counter PC ,a stack pointer SP ,some working registers ,a clock timing circuit, and interrupt circuit.
By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit ALU , allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle.
The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers. The Power-down mode saves the Register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. This allows very fast start-up combined with low-power consumption. The boot program can use any interface to download the application program in the Application Flash memory.
Software in the Boot Flash section will continue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write operation. GND : Ground. Port A PA The Port A output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability.
When pins PA0 to PA7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated. The PortA pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Port B PB The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability.
As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Port C PC The Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
Port D PD The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Port E PE The Port E output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port E pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated.
The Port E pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running.
Ongoing transmissions by the Transmitter and receiver will be corrupted if the baud rate is changed. The Receiver will override normal port operation for the RxD pin when enabled. The Transmitter will override normal port operation for the TxD pin when enabled.
The disabling of the Transmitter writing TXEN to zero will not become effective until ongoing and pending transmissions are completed. When disabled , the Transmitter will no longer override the TxD port. Must be read before reading the low bits from UDR. Must be written before writing the low bits to UDR. For 5-, 6- or 7-bit character the upper unused bits will be ignored by the Transmitter and set to zero by the Receiver.
Inexpensive and easy to use, it's ideal for alarm systems, motion- activated lighting, and holiday props. The changes in the amount of infrared striking the element change the voltages generated, which are measured by an on-board amplifier.
The device contains a special filter called a Fresnel lens, which focuses the infrared signals onto the element. As the ambient infrared signals change rapidly, the on-board amplifier trips the output to indicate motion. If you use the Board Of Education, be sure the servo voltage jumper located between the 2 servo header blocks is in the Vdd position, not Vin.
If you do not have this jumper on your board you should manually connect to Vdd through the breadboard. You may also plug the sensor directly into the edge of the breadboard and connect the signals from there.
Remember the position of the pins when you plug the sensor into the breadboard. Once the sensor warms up settles the output will remain low until there is motion, at which time the output will swing high for a couple of seconds, then return low.
If motion continues the output will cycle in this manner until the sensors line of sight of still again. This could be anywhere from seconds. During this time there should be as little motion as possible in the sensors field of view. This can vary with environmental conditions. The sensor is designed to adjust to slowly changing conditions that would happen normally as the day progresses and the environmental conditions change, but responds by toggling its output when sudden changes occur, such as when there is motion.
The basic idea is to send infra red light through IR-LEDs, which is then reflected by any object in front of the sensor. Then all you have to do is to pick-up the reflected IR light. For detecting the reflected IR light, we are going to use a very original technique: we are going to use another IR-LED, to detect the IR light that was emitted from another led of the exact same type!
This is an electrical property of Light Emitting Diodes LEDs which is the fact that a led Produce a voltage difference across its leads when it is subjected to light. This with very-low power consumption which makes it the most paper introduces the conceptual understanding and strategy attractive wireless device to use in Wireless Sensor Network of ZigBee IEEE Zigbee has multi-hop communication capability, home environment. ZigBee technology offers a multi-hop hence providing an unlimited range of communication.
Multi-hop Under smart home environment, numerous sensors; i. Prototype systems of detecting the physical events. The input from these sensors home security and automation are built utilizing Zigbee can be used to alert the owner of any unauthorized intrusion based sensor network to present an insight for its practical or control home appliances such as lightings.
Thus, implementation in smart home concept. It is also an important wireless communication, smart home factor to ensure the devices being used operate in very-low power consumption so that they would last longer. These allow the technology to take advantage of Radio Frequency RF and etc.
RF only to be used for establishing communication between all supports star topology and the wireless range can cover up to devices sensor nodes in the house with the main controller.
Table 1 shows comparison between several wireless Bluetooth is a wireless technology that had been technologies and their respective specifications and introduced 10 years ago for short-range communication.
The range for Bluetooth wireless device can be up to 10 meters with 2. Table 1. Comparison of specifications of existing wireless technologies can send data up to 30m and it has low power consumption 1mW for transmitting data. Xbee works in 2. API operation is chosen to be used in this project due to several reasons. Firstly, it can transmit data to multiple destinations without having to enter the command mode. Secondly, it can identify the source address of each packet and thirdly, it will receive update on the transmission status whether it is successful or fail.
The data frame for API operation is shown in figure 2. The frame is being divided into four sections; start delimiter section, length section, frame data section and checksum section. The device that gives a wide coverage area will be very expensive and yet, there is still a limit to it. Moreover, it will produce a high electromagnetic radiation The checksum is being calculated as below: which can be hazardous to human health [4][12].
Figure 1 illustrates how the data is being sent from source to the destination through a numbers of intermediate Xbee can support up to bit of addressing number, sensor nodes. Therefore, the sensor at the source can therefore, nodes for MSHome can be up to nodes. The methodology of this project design can be divided into two sections; hardware and software implementations.
The hardware implementation consists of the development of the main controller, sensor nodes and the smart home sensor network while the software implementation focuses on the programming of the microcontroller using MikroC C compiler from Mikroelektronika. Hardware Implementation Main controller is the most important part of the system in this project. Main controller will be the interface between the user and the system.
Figure 3 shows the main controller of the prototype smart home hardware. Alliance as an open global standard to address the unique needs of low-cost, low-power, wireless sensor networks [5].
The standard takes full advantage of the IEEE When owners were not at home and want to water their plants, they simply send a command to the house by using an SMS. The main controller will receive the SMS and then send the command to the desired node through a number of intermediate nodes via multi-hop communication.
Sensor nodes can be added in the house by simply putting them at desired locations accordingly. The main controller will detect the new node automatically. User just has to inform the main controller by keying-in the specific use of the new node. Users can store up to nine phone numbers in the main controller. These phone numbers are the only numbers the main controller will communicate with, whether to send an alert signal or to receive a command.
The main controller is also being equipped with an alphanumeric LCD display and keypads as user interface. The interface on the main controller allows users to change the setting as they wish.
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