Epidemiology of tomato spotted wilt virus

If an adult comes in contact with the virus, they can acquire it but are not able to transmit it. Plants become infected with TSWV once they are fed on by infected thrips. The virus is transmitted to the healthy plant tissue through the saliva of the thrips.

Once a thrips has fed on a healthy plant, symptoms will begin to appear days later. Usually, the virus spreads throughout the plant until the entire plant is infected with TSWV. There is no cure for infected plants and they should be removed to help prevent spread to uninfected, neighboring plants.

Adult Western Flower Thrips. Tomato Leaf. Tomato fruit infected with TSWV. Larva of Western Flower Thrips. Tomato plant infected with TSWV. Pepper fruit infected with TSWV. Amaranthus retrofl exus l. Lact uca serriola L. Sonchus asper L. Portulaca oleracea L. Chenopodium album L. Damping-off Damping-off is caused by several soilborne fungi including Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium and Phytophthora species.

The fungi kill seedlings that are just germinating and seedlings that have been growing for several days. Powdery mildew is widespread in Utah and affects many vegetables, fruit, and landscape plants. There are several species of powdery mildew fungi, and typically they target just a single host or only hosts in related plant families. It is vectored, or carried, by the beet leafhopper BLH insect. Botrytis neck rot is caused by Botrytis acclada and B.

The fungi are specific to members in the Alliaceae onion and garlic and can be found in all onion-producing regions around the world. Srinivasan, Epidemiology of spotted wilt disease of peanut caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus in the southeastern U. Virus Research, Groves, R. Phytopathology The role of weed hosts and tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca , in the epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Dis. Seasonal dispersal patterns of Frankliniella fusca Thysanoptera: Thripidae and tomato spotted wilt virus occurrence in Central and eastern North Carolina.

Kahn, N. Walgenbach, and G. Summer weeds as hosts for Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella fusca Thysanoptera: Thripidae and as reservoirs for Tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus in North Carolina. Momol, M. Integrated management of tomato spotted wilt on field-grown tomatoes. Morsello, S. Spring temperature and precipitation affect tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Thysanoptera: Thripidae population growth and Tomato spotted wilt virus within patches of the winter weed Stellaria media.

Groves, Nault, B. Pappu, H. Jones, and R. Jain, Global status of tospovirus epidemics in diverse cropping systems: Successes achieved and challenges ahead. Virus Research. Reitz, S. Integrated management tactics for Frankliniella thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae in field-grown peppers. Riley, D. Joseph, R. Srinivasan, and S. Thrips vectors of tospoviruses.

Pest Mngmt. Ullman, D. E, Sherwood, J. To develop an understanding of the epidemiology of TSWV in this region, population densities of WFT and incidence of TSWV were monitored in California's processing tomato transplant-producing greenhouses and associated open fields from to Thrips were monitored with yellow sticky cards and in tomato flowers, whereas TSWV incidence was assessed with indicator plants and field surveys for virus symptoms.

All thrips identified from processing tomato fields were WFT, and females were three-fold more abundant on sticky cards than males.